تاریخ فلسفه اسلامی

تاریخ فلسفه اسلامی

Critical Analysis of the Foundations of Absurdism in Camus' Philosophy from the Perspective of Mulla Sadra

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
Mohaamad Heydarifard
Faculty member of the Islamic Studies Department, Kermanshah University of Technology
10.22034/hpi.2025.548433.1169
چکیده
This research presents a comparative study of Albert Camus's absurdist philosophy in contrast to the intellectual system of Mulla Sadra. Within his existentialist framework, Camus posits a world devoid of intrinsic meaning, irrational, and indifferent to humanity—a view manifested in works such as The Myth of Sisyphus, The Stranger, and The Plague. From his perspective, concepts such as justice and morality are human constructs rather than objective characteristics of the world. In contrast, drawing on the principles of Transcendent Philosophy (al-hikmat al-muta‘āliyah), Mulla Sadra emphasizes the primacy of existence (aṣālat al-wujūd), the systematic gradation of existence (tashkīk al-wujūd), and substantial motion (al-ḥarakat al-jawhariyyah). He interprets existence as a purposeful and wise system in which every part is a manifestation of the divine names. The findings demonstrate that Camus's absurdism is predicated on a neglect of the relationship between God and the world, a reduction of ontology to sensory empiricism, and an extreme anthropocentrism. Conversely, Mulla Sadra's philosophical-religious system, by explicating the framework of divine causality, the wisdom behind evil, and the teleology of creation, provides a comprehensive response to the crisis of meaning in modern humanity.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Absurdism
Albert Camus
Mulla Sadra
Transcendent Philosophy (al-Hikmat al-Muta‘āliyah)
Meaning of Life
Monotheistic Ontology
موضوعات
1.    Javādī Āmulī, A. (2007). Thematic Interpretation of the Holy Quran: Vol. 8, Society in the Quran (9th ed.). Israa Publishing House.
2.    Javādī Āmulī, A. (2010). Tasnīm: A Commentary on the Holy Quran (Vol. 17, 3rd ed.). Israa Publishing House.
3.    Javādī Āmulī, A. (2009). The Status of Reason in the Geometry of Religious Knowledge (4th ed.). Israa Publishing House.
4.    Al-Kulaynī, M. ibn Y. (1987). Al-Kāfī (A. A. Ghaffārī, Ed.; Vol. 2, 4th ed.). Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya.
5.    Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī, M. (2003). Al-Ḥikmat al-Muta‘āliyah fī al-Asfār al-‘Aqliyyah al-Arba‘ah (Vol. 3, 4th ed.). Sadra Islamic Philosophy Foundation.
6.    Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī, M. (2013). Al-Mabda’ wa’l-Ma‘ād (J. Ashtiyānī, Ed.). Muṣṭafawī Publications.
7.    Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī, M. (2002). Al-Shawāhid al-Rubūbiyyah fī al-Manāhij al-Sulūkiyyah (M. Muḥaqqiq Dāmād, Ed.; 2nd ed.). Sadra Islamic Philosophy Foundation.
8.    Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī, M. (2000). Mafātīḥ al-Ghayb (M. Khājawī, Ed.). Cultural Research Institute.
9.    Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī, M. (1984). Asrār al-Āyāt (M. Khājawī, Ed.). Anjuman-i Ḥikmat va Falsafah-i Īrān.
10. Ṣadr al-Dīn Shīrāzī, M. (1987). Tafsīr al-Qur’ān al-Karīm (M. Khājawī, Ed.; 2nd ed.). Bidār Publications.
11. Ṭabāṭabā’ī, S. M. H. (1971). Al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qur’ān (Vol. 16). Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya.
12. Ṭabāṭabā’ī, S. M. H. (2008). The Principles of Philosophy and the Method of Realism (8th ed.). Sadra Publications.
13. Camus, A. (1960). Caligula and three other plays (S. Gilbert, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work published 1944)
14. Camus, A. (1989). The stranger (M. Ward, Trans.). Vintage International. (Original work published 1942)
15. Camus, A. (2000). The myth of Sisyphus (J. O’Brien, Trans.). Penguin Classics. (Original work published 1942)
16. Camus, A. (2005). The plague (R. Buss, Trans.). Penguin Modern Classics. (Original work published 1947)
17. Foley, J. (2008). Albert Camus: From the absurd to revolt. Routledge.
18. Moreland, J. P., & Craig, W. L. (2017). Philosophical foundations for a Christian worldview (2nd ed.). InterVarsity Press.
19. Sprintzen, D. (1988). Camus: A critical examination. Temple University Press.
تاریخ فلسفه اسلامی
دوره 5، شماره 17
بهار 1405
صفحه 153-175

  • تاریخ دریافت 30 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 20 مهر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 30 مهر 1404