History of Islamic Philosophy

History of Islamic Philosophy

The scope of how innate disposition (Shakilah) governs human behavior throughout the historical evolution of three distinct theological perspectives (Fakhr al-Razi, Ibn Ashur, and Allamah Tabatabai).

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Houran Akbarzadeh
Allameh Tabatabai's university
10.22034/hpi.2025.551613.1179
Abstract
The present research investigates the concept of “Shākila” (disposition) and its scope in human behavior as addressed in the noble verse of Shākila. Exegetes from various eras, with diverse theological-philosophical foundations, have engaged with this issue, resulting in differing anthropological and behavioral implications. Among the multitude of interpreters, three representatives (Fakhr al-Rāzī, Ibn ʿĀshūr, and ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī) have been selected, each examining the matter from distinct theological perspectives. The present explanation is presented in two parts:



1. The nature of the concept of Shākila and, consequently, an examination of the implications and consequences of the intended meaning for the quality of human behavior.

2. The extent and scope of behavior governed by Shākila.



In the first part, according to Fakhr al-Rāzī, Shākila is understood as "the nature and innate disposition of the individual," while Ibn ʿĀshūr considers Shākila to mean "the conduct and character of a person." In contrast, ʿAllāmah Ṭabāṭabāʾī advocates a "dualistic view of Shākila," proposing that part of Shākila may arise from the individual’s inherent temperament and innate constitution (nature), while another part is shaped by the external environment and the context of one’s life.



In the second part (the scope of behavior governed by Shākila), it can be said that the noble verse of Shākila contains three domains: the domain of the actor, the domain of behavior, and the domain of Shākila. This means that "from every human being, some behaviors emerge in accordance with some of their Shākilas."
Keywords
Being governed by one'
s innate disposition
Nature
Way
Dualism of Shakilah
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
Ibn Ashur
Allamah Tabatabai

Subjects

Qurʾān-e Karim                                                               
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  • Receive Date 06 October 2025
  • Revise Date 14 December 2025
  • Accept Date 15 December 2025