Spiritual health has recently attracted serious attention from scholars across diverse disciplines. The present study investigates the role of the governance of reason, both theoretical and practical, in spiritual health from Mulla Sadra’s perspective. It concludes by outlining his proposed approaches to confronting mental and psychological illnesses. The research method is philosophical analysis, and data collection is library-based with an emphasis on Mulla Sadra’s works. The central issue concerns the maladies of the heart and the causes of their prevalence. Hence, to attain a comprehensive understanding of the human being, it is necessary to consider the inner structure and multiple dimensions of human existence.. This is because a truly sound soul, by its very nature, is one whose perfections are actualized, which in turn depends on the health of the rational (speaking) soul. Mulla Sadra’s anthropology is grounded in religious teachings, and since man possesses multiple dimensions, extraordinary human phenomena can be readily explained within his philosophical framework. Nevertheless, despite the strengths of Mulla Sadra’s anthropological approach and its deep connection to the health of the soul, it can be argued that an excessive focus on rational aspects, coupled with insufficient attention to the motivational and practical dimensions of human nature—as well as the abstract nature and diversity of some of its topics—constitutes a limitation of purely philosophical approaches to this subject. Therefore, it is emphasized that alongside honoring human intellect, the presence of revelation and the supervision of religion over reason are indispensable.