The Neo-Sadrianism, as the dominant school of contemporary Islamic philosophy, has played a decisive role in the education and research of Islamic philosophy and rational theology. Relying on the heritage of Transcendental Wisdom (al-Hikmat al-Muta‘aliyah) and its rereading by thinkers such as Allameh Tabataba’i, Ayatollah Javadi Amoli, and Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi, this movement has attempted to reconstruct philosophical reason in the face of Modernity and contemporary atheistic challenges. Adopting an analytical-critical approach, the present article engages in a constructive internal evaluation of this movement; a judgment that aims not to negate its achievements, but to identify structural challenges and outline its future prospects. Finally, by mapping future scenarios, the article emphasizes the necessity of methodological rethinking, critical dialogue with rivals both within and outside the tradition, and a deeper engagement of philosophy with the issues facing contemporary humanity.Finally, by mapping future scenarios, the article emphasizes the necessity of methodological rethinking, critical dialogue with rivals both within and outside the tradition, and a deeper engagement of philosophy with the issues facing contemporary humanity.