History of Islamic Philosophy

History of Islamic Philosophy

The role and place of reason in justifying religious beliefs from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and Thomas Aquinas

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Associate Professor, Department of Islamic Studies, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
2 Ph.D. student of theoretical foundations of Islam, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.
Abstract
Allameh considers the intellect to be the soul of human evidence, and the heart is the soul of evidence, thus the receiver of revelation; Self is evidence and it is referred to as heart or intellect. It is clear that intellect in this application has a more general meaning than theoretical and reasoning intellect. But Aquinas only believes in the reasoning aspect of reason. According to the distinction that Aquinas makes between revelation and reason, he considers the most important popular belief of Christianity, that is, the Trinity, to be outside of rational perception, and emphasizes the primacy of faith over reason. But Allameh, first of all, defines faith in the realm of practical reason, secondly, he considers reasoning and theoretical reason to be prior to faith. The common denominator of Allameh and Aquinas is that they believe about the place of reason in justifying religious beliefs; Many religious beliefs, above all the proof of God's existence, can be justified by reason (proving evidence). Both philosophers use Aristotelian rational-argumentative philosophy to prove religious truths. In this article, we will examine the views of these two philosophers about the place of reason in the justification of religious beliefs with analytical and descriptive methods.
Keywords

Subjects


  1.  

    1. Aquinas, Thomas (2006). Summa Theologica. part I (Prima pars), QQ1-119, Fathers of the English Dominican Province.
    2. Aquinas, Thomas (2006). Summa Theologica. part III (Tertia pars), QQ1-90, Fathers of the English Dominican Province.
    3. Aquinas, Thomas (2006). Summa Theologica. part II-II (Secunda by Thomas Aquinas), QQ1-189, Fathers of the English Dominican Province.

    Aquinas, Thomas (2006). Summa Theologica. Supplement, (QQ1-99), Fathers of the English Dominican Province

Volume 2, Issue 8 - Serial Number 8
Winter 2024
Pages 119-148

  • Receive Date 05 November 2023
  • Revise Date 11 December 2023
  • Accept Date 16 December 2023